正解:A
Deming's Quality Circle is a model of continuous improvement, not a documented approach to business analysis work. The other options are examples of documented approaches that describe how business analysis work is planned, conducted, and delivered. References:
Business Analysis Expert Certification, CCBA® | IIBA®, section "3.1 Plan Business Analysis Approach"
[Business Analysis Driving Business Success | IIBA®], section "Business Analysis Methodologies"