説明
プロジェクトマネージャーは、プロジェクトの資金調達が全額行われないリスクが、適切なステークホルダーによって適切に評価され、軽減されていることを確認し、そのような事態が発生しないようにすべきでした。PMBOKガイドによると、リスクとは、発生した場合に1つ以上のプロジェクト目標にプラスまたはマイナスの影響を与える不確実な事象または状況です1。この場合、プロジェクトの資金調達が全額行われないリスクは、プロジェクトの範囲、スケジュール、コスト、および品質に影響を与える可能性のあるマイナスのリスクです。したがって、プロジェクトマネージャーは、次のリスク管理プロセスを実行する必要がありました1。
Identify Risks: The process of identifying individual project risks and sources of overall project risk, and documenting their characteristics. The project manager should have identified the riskof not acquiring full funding for the project as a potential source of overall project risk, and documented its characteristics, such as causes, triggers, probability, impact, and priority.
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis: The process of prioritizing individual project risks for further analysis or action by assessing their probability of occurrence and impact, as well as other characteristics. The project manager should have prioritized the risk of not acquiring full funding for the project based on its probability and impact, and determined if it required further analysis or action.
Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis: The process of analyzing the effect of identified individual project risks and other sources of uncertainty on the project objectives, and presenting the results in quantitative terms. The project manager should have analyzed the effect of the risk of not acquiring full funding for the project on the project objectives, such as the expected monetary value, the cost of risk, the schedule reserve, and the contingency reserve.
Plan Risk Responses: The process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project objectives. The project manager should have developed options and actions to reduce the threat of the risk of not acquiring full funding for the project, such as avoiding, mitigating, transferring, or accepting the risk, and implementing contingency plans or fallback plans if the risk occurs.
Implement Risk Responses: The process of implementing the agreed-upon risk response plans. The project manager should have implemented the risk response plans for the risk of not acquiring full funding for the project, such as securing alternative sources of funding, negotiating with the stakeholders, or adjusting the project scope, schedule, or cost.
Monitor Risks: The process of tracking the implementation of risk response plans, identifying and analyzing new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness. The project manager should have monitored the risk of not acquiring full funding for the project, and tracked the implementation of the risk response plans, identified and analyzed any new risks, and evaluated the effectiveness of the risk process.
By performing these risk management processes, the project manager could have prevented the risk of not acquiring full funding for the project from occurring, or minimized its impact on the project performance. The other options are not sufficient or appropriate for this situation, as they do not address the need to assess and mitigate the risk.
ステークホルダーが残りの資金の資金調達を完了する上で想定される障害を確実に把握できるようにするだけでは、受動的かつ曖昧な対応であり、プロジェクトマネージャーがステークホルダーが障害を克服したり資金を確保したりするのをどのように支援するのかが具体的に示されていない。
追加資金を提供する利害関係者がプロジェクトへの関心を持ち続けるようにすることは重要ではあるが、それだけでは十分ではなく、資金の確保や適時性を保証するものではない。
プロジェクトチームがプロジェクトリスク登録簿を定期的に監視・レビューすることは必要ではあるが、リスク対応計画の策定と実施を伴わないため、十分とは言えない措置である。
参考文献：1：PMBOKガイド、第7版、97～99ページ。