SSO extensions support modern protocols. The Apple Platform Deployment Guide states, "Single sign-on (SSO) extensions allow IdPs to integrate modern authentication protocols like OAuth 2.0 or OpenID Connect across iOS, iPadOS, and macOS." Options B, C, and D (corrected from "WireGuar") are networking technologies, not authentication-focused.
Reference:
Apple Platform Deployment Guide, "SSO Extensions" section.
macOS Security Overview, "Authentication Technologies" section.