Explanation:

According to the Microsoft Azure AI Fundamentals (AI-900) official study guide and the Microsoft Learn module "Identify features of common machine learning types", the classification technique is a type of supervised machine learning used to predict which category or class a new observation belongs to, based on patterns learned from labeled training data.
In this scenario, a banking system that predicts whether a loan will be repaid is dealing with a binary outcome-either the loan will be repaid or will not be repaid. These two possible results represent distinct classes, making this problem a classic example of binary classification. During training, the model learns from historical data containing features such as customer income, credit score, loan amount, and repayment history, along with labeled outcomes (repaid or defaulted). After training, it can classify new applications into one of these two categories.
The AI-900 curriculum distinguishes between three key supervised and unsupervised learning approaches:
* Classification: Predicts discrete categories (e.g., spam/not spam, fraud/not fraud, will repay/won't repay).
* Regression: Predicts continuous numerical values (e.g., house prices, sales forecast, temperature).
* Clustering: Groups data based on similarity without predefined labels (e.g., customer segmentation).
Since the banking problem focuses on predicting a categorical outcome rather than a continuous numeric value, it fits squarely into the classification domain. In Azure Machine Learning, such tasks can be performed using algorithms like Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, or Support Vector Machines (SVMs), all configured for categorical prediction.
Therefore, per Microsoft's official AI-900 learning objectives, a banking system predicting whether a loan will be repaid represents a classification type of machine learning problem.