テキサス州オースティンのデジタル出版会社で行われたフォレンジック監査において、調査員は復元された複数のファイルを16進エディタで分析した。ある断片のヘッダーには16進数シーケンス「50 4B 03 04 0A 00 02 00」が表示され、別の断片は「52 61 72 21 1A 07 00」で始まっている。これらの特徴に基づいて、最初の断片はどのファイル形式を表しているか?
正解:A
The correct answer is A because the header 50 4B 03 04 is the well-known magic number for a ZIP local file header. In forensic file analysis, CHFI v11 expects candidates to recognize common file signatures in hexadecimal form, since these headers help identify file types even when extensions are missing, altered, or intentionally disguised. The second sequence in the question, 52 61 72 21 1A 07 00, corresponds to a RAR archive signature, which further reinforces that the first fragment is the ZIP one. This kind of recognition is important when examining partial files, carved fragments, suspicious archives, or extension mismatches. ZIP containers are also widely used as the basis for many other formats such as DOCX, XLSX, JAR, and APK, but the raw signature itself still identifies the underlying ZIP structure. In CHFI-style reasoning, when a question gives multiple magic numbers and asks specifically about the first fragment, the correct approach is to map the exact header bytes to the associated archive format. Here, 50 4B 03 04 identifies a ZIP file format.