Public Method (A):The parent component can call a public method defined in the child component to pass data directly.
Reference:LWC Communication: Public Methods
Public Property (B):The parent component can bind data to a public property in the child component using the attribute syntax.
Reference:LWC Communication: API Properties
Incorrect Options:
C:Apex controllers are not used for direct communication between parent and child components.
D:Custom events are used for communication from child to parent, not parent to child.