According to the ISACA CRISC Review Manual, the data classification process identifies data sensitivity, criticality, and required protection levels.
"The level of protection for data should be based on its classification - i.e., the value of the information to the enterprise, its confidentiality, integrity, and availability requirements." Once classification (e.g., confidential, internal, public) is determined, corresponding safeguards (encryption, access control, backup policies) can be appropriately applied.
* A and B are broad organizational factors.
* C (access requirements) relates to functionality, not classification-based protection.
Therefore, D. Data classification is correct.
CRISC Reference: Domain 3 - Risk Response and Mitigation, Topic: Information Asset Protection.