A vulnerability scan is a process of identifying and reporting the weaknesses or flaws in a system or network that could be exploited by attackers. A vulnerability scan is conducted frequently to maintain an updated list of a system's weaknesses, as new vulnerabilities may emerge over time due to changes in the system configuration, software updates, or external factors. A vulnerability scan can help to prioritize the remediation efforts and improve the security posture of the system or network.
A penetration test is a process of simulating a real-world attack on a system or network to evaluate its security and identify the potential impact of a breach. A penetration test is conducted periodically or after a major change in the system or network, as it is more intrusive and time-consuming than a vulnerability scan. A penetration test can help to validate the effectiveness of the security controls and measures in place and provide recommendations for improvement.
A posture assessment is a process of evaluating the current security status of a system or network against a set of standards or best practices. A posture assessment is conducted periodically or as part of a compliance audit, as it is more comprehensive and holistic than a vulnerability scan or a penetration test. A posture assessment can help to identify the gaps or weaknesses in the security policies, procedures, and practices and provide guidance for improvement.
A risk assessment is a process of analyzing the likelihood and impact of various threats and vulnerabilities on a system or network. A risk assessment is conducted periodically or as part of a risk management process, as it is more strategic and business-oriented than a vulnerability scan, a penetration test, or a posture assessment. A risk assessment can help to determine the acceptable level of risk and the appropriate mitigation strategies and resources.
Reference:
CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 8: Network Security Concepts and Tools, Section 8.2: Security Assessment Tools, Page 3721 Professor Messer's CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Section 8.2: Security Assessment Tools, Page 462 What is a Vulnerability Scan? | Definition and Examples3 What is a Penetration Test? | Definition and Examples What is a Security Posture Assessment? | Definition and Examples
[What is a Risk Assessment? | Definition and Examples]