The data dictionary is a read-only set of tables that provides information about the database. Certain operations that modify the database structure will cause changes to the data dictionary:
* Option B: GRANT UPDATE ON scott.emp TO fin_manager;
* Granting privileges on a table will change the data dictionary as it records the new privilege.
* Option D: TRUNCATE TABLE emp;
* Truncating a table affects the data dictionary because it removes all rows from a table and may also reset storage parameters.
Options A, C, and E do not cause changes to the data dictionary:
* Option A is incorrect because the DELETE command modifies data, not the data dictionary structure.
* Option C is incorrect because altering a session parameter does not change the data dictionary; it is a temporary change for the session.
* Option E is incorrect because a SELECT query does not change the database, it just retrieves information.