Adaptive application controls are an intelligent and automated solution for defining allowlists of known-safe applications for your machines.
Often, organizations have collections of machines that routinely run the same processes.
Microsoft Defender for Cloud uses machine learning to analyze the applications running on your machines and create a list of the known-safe software. Allowlists are based on your specific Azure workloads, and you can further customize the recommendations using the instructions below.
When you've enabled and configured adaptive application controls, you'll get security alerts if any application runs other than the ones you've defined as safe.
Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/adaptive-application-controls
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/apps/app-protection-policy
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-cloud-apps/cloud-discovery-anomaly-detection-policy
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/overview