Explanation
Key performance indicators (KPIs) are the most effective for communicating forward-looking trends within security reporting. KPIs are metrics used to measure progress towards a specific goal or objective, and can provide insight into the current state of security and any potential issues or risks that may arise in the future.
Key control indicators (KCIs), key risk indicators (KRIs), and key goal indicators (KGIs) are all important for measuring security performance and identifying areas for improvement, but KPIs are the most effective for communicating forward-looking trends.
References that support this statement include:
* "Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for IT Security" by ISACA. This resource states that KPIs "can be used to measure the performance of security controls and identify trends in security risks."
* "Measuring and Managing Information Risk: A FAIR Approach" by The Open Group. This guide states that "KPIs are used to track progress over time and to identify areas where improvements may be needed."
* "Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Cyber Security" by SANS Institute. This resource states that
"KPIs can be used to identify potential risks and measure the effectiveness of security controls.