正解:B
A preventive control is a control that aims to deter or prevent undesirable events from occurring. A fingerprint-based access control system for the building is an example of a preventive control for physical access, as it restricts unauthorized persons from entering the premises. Keeping log entries for all visitors to the building, installing CCTV cameras for all ingress and egress points, and implementing a centralized logging server to record instances of staff logging into workstations are examples of detective controls, which are controls that aim to discover or detect undesirable events that have already occurred.
References: IS Audit and Assurance Tools and Techniques, CISA Certification | Certified Information Systems Auditor | ISACA