E-discovery (electronic discovery) is the process of identifying, collecting, and producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to a legal request or investigation. It is a critical component of digital forensics when dealing with litigation, compliance, or regulatory matters.
Reference:
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Official Study Guide, Domain 4.5: "E-discovery is performed to identify and produce digital evidence in legal investigations." Exam Objectives 4.5: "Summarize digital forensics concepts."