Reviewing the source code of an application to identify misconfigurations and vulnerabilities is best described as static analysis. Static analysis involves examining the code without executing the program. It focuses on finding potential security issues, coding errors, and vulnerabilities by analyzing the code itself. Static analysis: Analyzes the source code or compiled code for vulnerabilities without executing the program. Dynamic analysis: Involves testing and evaluating the program while it is running to identify vulnerabilities. Gap analysis: Identifies differences between the current state and desired state, often used for compliance or process improvement. Impact analysis: Assesses the potential effects of changes in a system or process.