Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and patch management are both examples of preventative and technical controls. MFA prevents unauthorized access by requiring multiple forms of verification, and patch management ensures that systems are protected against vulnerabilities by applying updates. Both of these controls are implemented using technical methods, and they work to prevent security incidents before they occur.
References:
* CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Course Content: Domain 1: General Security Concepts, and Domain
4: Identity and Access Management, which cover the implementation of preventative and technical controls.