Input validation vulnerabilities occur when an application fails to properly validate or sanitize user input, allowing malicious data to be processed. This can lead to various attacks, most notably cross-site scripting (XSS).
Option A:DNS poisoning
* Incorrect Choice:DNS poisoning involves corrupting the DNS cache to redirect users to malicious sites.
It is not related to input validation vulnerabilities.
Option B:Pharming
* Incorrect Choice:Pharming redirects users from legitimate websites to fraudulent ones, typically through DNS poisoning or host file manipulation. It is not directly related to input validation.
Option C:Phishing
* Incorrect Choice:Phishing involves tricking individuals into providing sensitive information through deceptive emails or websites. It exploits human behavior rather than technical input validation flaws.
Option D:Cross-site scripting
* Correct Choice:Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks occur when an application includes untrusted data in a web page without proper validation or escaping. This allows attackers to execute malicious scripts in users ' browsers, leading to data theft, session hijacking, or defacement. Remediating input validation vulnerabilities is essential to prevent XSS attacks.
Reference:
CompTIA CySA+ CS0-003 Exam Objective 2.4: " Given a scenario, recommend controls to mitigate attacks and software vulnerabilities, " specifically addressing injection flaws like cross-site scripting.