To mitigate the issue of excessive permissions and privilege creep, the best solutions are: Implementing a Role-Based Access Policy: Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): This policy ensures that access permissions are granted based on the user's role within the organization, aligning with the principle of least privilege. Users are only granted access necessary for their role, reducing the risk of excessive permissions. Reference: CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Study Guide by Mike Chapple and David Seidl NIST Special Publication 800-53: Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations Performing Periodic Access Reviews: RegularAudits: Periodic access reviews help identify and rectify instances of privilege creep by ensuring that users' access permissions are appropriate for their current roles. These reviews can highlight unnecessary or outdated permissions, allowing for timely adjustments. CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Study Guide by Mike Chapple and David Seidl ISO/IEC 27001:2013 - Information Security Management