A certificate chain: a certificate can be signed by a Certificate Authority (CA) using its own private key. In turn, therefore, a certificate can be verified as being signed by a CA by checking the signature against the CA's certificate (public key). Web browsers and other clients have a list of CA certificates that they trust, and can thus verify the certificates of individual servers. https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/expressway/config_guide/X8- 9/Cisco-Expressway-Certificate-Creation-and-Use-Deployment-Guide-X8-9.pdf CA-signed certificates (Recommended) - Users are not prompted because you are installing the certificate on the devices yourself. CA-signed certificates can be signed by a Private CA or a Public CA. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/jabber/14_1/cjab_b_planning-guide-for- jabber141/cjab_m_planning-security-and-certificates-129.html