This expression will evaluate to true as long as the number of attempts is less than the maximum number of attempts, which means the process will try again. If the expression is false, it means the number of attempts has reached or exceeded the maximum number of attempts, which means the process will throw an exception.
References:
https://portal.blueprism.com/sites/default/files/2020-06/Blue%20Prism%20Certification%20-%20Developer.pdf (page 2)