A syslog listener is the best choice for deploying User-ID to ensure maximum coverage in an environment with multiple forms of authentication. A syslog listener is a feature that enables the firewall or Panorama to receive syslog messages from other systems and parse them for IP address-to-username mappings. A syslog listener can collect user mapping information from a variety of sources, such as network access control systems, domain controllers, MDM solutions, VPN gateways, wireless controllers, proxies, and more2. A syslog listener can also support multiple platforms and operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, etc3. Therefore, a syslog listener can provide a comprehensive and flexible solution for User- ID deployment in a large-scale network. References: Configure a Syslog Listener for User Mapping, User-ID Agent Deployment Guide, PCNSE Study Guide (page 48)