The WHERE clause in SQL filters the rows returned by the SELECT statement. The result of logical operators and conditions can change significantly depending on the use of parentheses.
Options A and E both use parentheses to ensure that borrowed_date = SYSDATE is evaluated with transaction_type ='RM' as one group and the member_id conditions as another group. The parentheses ensure that both conditions within each set of parentheses must be true for the rows to be included.
Option B is incorrect because it does not use parentheses to enforce the grouping of conditions, leading to potentially different results due to the way logical OR works.
Option C is incorrect because it has a syntax error; it is missing a parenthesis.
Option D is incorrect because it will return rows where either borrowed_date = SYSDATE AND transaction_type ='RM' is true or member_id IN ('A101','A102') is true, which is a broader condition than what's specified in options A and E.