The goal is to produce a trained (fitted) model that generalizes well to new, unknown data. The fitted model is evaluated using "new" examples from the held-out datasets (validation and test datasets) to estimate the model's accuracy in classifying new data.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training,_validation,_and_test_sets#:~:text=Training%20dataset,- A%20training%20dataset&text=The%20goal%20is%20to%20produce,accuracy%20in%20classifying%20new%20data.