False positives in fraud detection AI systems often stem from poorly optimized hyperparameters.
Hyperparameters control aspects of the model's learning process such as the learning rate, decision thresholds, and complexity penalties. When these parameters are not tuned correctly, the model can become overly sensitive and flag normal behavior as suspicious, leading to customer complaints.
"Hyperparameter tuning is essential to balance sensitivity and specificity in AI models. Improper tuning can result in a high rate of false positives or negatives, particularly in systems like fraud detection that require nuanced pattern recognition." Options A and B relate to data governance but do not directly cause false positives in predictions. Option C (compute scale training) may affect model efficiency, not accuracy. Thus, D is the most appropriate answer.
Reference: ISACA Advanced in AI Audit™ (AAIA™) Study Guide, Section: "AI Operations and Performance," Subsection: "Model Tuning and Optimization"