The observation provided in the final engagement communication includes the criteria (competitive bidding requirements), condition (three of the 10 contracts reviewed did not meet these requirements), and cause (senior management deemed these purchases critical and awarded them as sole-source). However, it lacks the effect, which would explain the potential consequences or impact of not meeting the competitive bidding requirements, such as increased costs, lack of transparency, or potential for favoritism. References:
* The IIA's International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards), Standard 2410 - Criteria for Communicating.
* The IIA's Practice Guide on Communicating Results.