Salting involves adding a unique value (salt) to each password before hashing it. This means that even if two users have the same password, the added salts ensure their hash values are different. This protects against attacks that exploit identical hash values, such as rainbow table attacks.
Reference:
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Official Study Guide, Domain 1.3, "Salting passwords ensures that identical passwords do not have identical hashes, even if the same hash algorithm is used." Exam Objectives 1.3: "Explain the importance of cryptographic concepts."