Hacktivists are individuals or groups who use hacking to promote a political agenda, social cause, or philosophical beliefs. Their primary motivation is not personal gain but rather to draw attention to, or protest against, perceived injustices or causes.
Reference:
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Official Study Guide, Domain 2.1: "Hacktivists are motivated by ideology or political/social causes." Exam Objectives 2.1: "Compare and contrast different types of threat actors."