The scenario describes an instance where an employee receives a fraudulent invoice from a vendor that is not recognized in the company's vendor management system. This is a classic example of an invoice scam, where attackers attempt to trick organizations into making payments for fake or non-existent services. These scams often rely on social engineering tactics to bypass financial controls.
References = CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 study materials, particularly in the context of social engineering attacks and common scams.