Cloud-based architecture has controllers in the cloud, not on premises. Autonomous architecture means each AP is autonomous and is not managed by a WLC, distributed architecture is another term for autonomous architecture, so the same applies. Centralized architecture, a.k.a. split-MAC architecture is when all APs are managed centrally by WLCs, they do not need to be co-located. Understanding Cisco Wireless Architectures - CCNA Wireless 200-355 Official Cert Guide (2016) (apprize.best)
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Mobility/emob41dg/emob41dg-wrapper/ch2_Arch.html